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[Music]

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hey welcome once again this is NASA at

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home spaceport series I am your host

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Joshua Santora I would traditionally be

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coming to you live from the Kennedy

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Space Center but with today's current

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state I'm coming to you live from my

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house and super excited you're joining

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me to talk about plant growth in space

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so this is the advanced plant habitat

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we're gonna dive into this in just a

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second but before we do that one take a

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look obviously we have the whole

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spaceport here the most prolific

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spaceport in all of history

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and specifically today we're looking at

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the research components of that so plant

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growth is a space endeavor now which is

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pretty wild

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before I forget make sure you're asking

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your questions live through the chat

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window there on the screen as well as

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telling us what you'd like to see in

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future episodes and be sure to subscribe

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to our channel so you never miss

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anything that we're doing and putting

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out as we continue the series and other

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spaceport activities so I want to go

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ahead here and introduce my two guests

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so please welcome this is Ralph Ralph

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actually sorry about that one second so

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your last name for me Ralph I'm not sure

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look sorry one more time

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Richie okay

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senior project manager for space crop

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production thanks for being here

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Matt is it Matt Roman well mine sorry

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about that project scientist for space

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crop production

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so again appreciate you both being here

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again it is amazing to think about space

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being a place where we grow plants now

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it's pretty pretty wild idea but before

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we get going we're at the end of what we

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called our 10 day challenge for popcorn

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and I wanted to actually unveil my

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popcorn so my son and I planted some

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popcorn we planted two sets last week

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and I actually full-disclosure forgot

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about

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and decided to be fun to open it up here

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live one on camera um so we're gonna

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take a look here I haven't seen this and

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it doesn't look very good here so I'm

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gonna have to ask Ralph and Matt here to

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to help me understand maybe a little bit

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what's going on here this was just some

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dirt and that looks like there's just

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some some mold happen in there nothing

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too interesting there and then here and

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this one this was I think I ended up

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using flour for this so obviously no

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whole lot of growth there so I'm

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probably not cut out for the space plant

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growth world but want to get your your

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thoughts on what you're seeing here can

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you give me anything on on what went

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wrong here this one right here we down

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there gave a little bit carbohydrate so

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be sure maybe so maybe so but anyway

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that's not why we're here today

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but doing encourage you if you if you

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send out you said if you do the popcorn

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challenge I'm gonna try again I'm gonna

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use paper towels next time because I've

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seen those work really well send us your

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photos and your information at hashtag

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NASA at home but today advanced plant

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habitat so let's jump right in here Matt

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tell us about advanced plant habitat

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what what is it and what's it for you

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may have Vance plant habitat is our more

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advanced

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180 centers fully controlled environment

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a bunch of cameras really advanced

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lighting system it's like our Cadillac

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growth system and we are we've had

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several tests on a mat and we are gonna

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be sending the hatch chili pepper sauce

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okay so that's one of the first tests

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actually had a recent type of radishes

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so there's a pepper so we are growing a

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type of hatch chili pepper it's from New

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Mexico it's actually called the Espanola

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hurry to cross between a southern New

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Mexico pepper have jelly of warmer

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weather pepper and a pepper that's

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native New Mexico from the northern

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region has more Mountains

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well since it has a shorter day cycle

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it's actually really good for space

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because it's easier that dwarf it and it

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handles a temperature we have on station

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a lot better than the crop has used to

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grown in and in air grass for instance

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so you mentioned obviously we call it

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the advanced plant habitat so what makes

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it so much more advanced because I think

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that we're comparing that to veggie

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being one of the first and and certainly

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it's on the more recent side of things

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so what's making this advanced plant

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habitat well so compared to Benji Benji

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is really just a white cap fan and the

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pills are all passively watered the

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advanced plant habitat has advanced

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watering system where it's sunny water

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for ceramic dudes the brute zone you've

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got many sensors in the root zone metric

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things like moisture level temperature

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oxygen levels you've got numerous

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atmosphere control systems that can

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change everything you want increase the

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co2 level we can decrease it the same

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thing

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so so what so actually that's a good

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segue there because we had somebody over

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the course of the week asked us the

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question what are co2 levels like on

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Space Station can you talk about that

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and and why are why is monitoring all

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that so important because ultimately I

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could walk outside my house and I can

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plant things and I don't have to monitor

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any of that so it's so critical for

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space that we have those things is co2

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levels bombs between about 1,500 and

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3,000 parts per million am being

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outsider now is about 450 500 so for

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plants that make some that makes a big

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difference because it controls a lot of

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things like transpiration but for plants

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co2 is really faster than food that's

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ultimately the source of the carbon it

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makes it even everything so we're having

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that too high we've noticed numerous you

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know sometimes issues sometimes benefits

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okay very cool and so let's talk about

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peppers obviously we've shown peppers a

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decent amount now so why is our peppers

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so important why is that kind of a hot

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topic for you guys well for one the

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courage

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asthma's for hot space they have poor

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drainage and their sinuses that

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decreases their taste sensation and they

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cost more flavorful foods from our

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perspective we're trying to fill

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nutritional gaps and distort astronaut

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diet numbers are very high in vitamin C

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many times more dense actually than

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things like price difference so we have

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that you know that benefit and it's you

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know it's a new crop we haven't grown in

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space yet it's a complicated crop as a

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long germination time it's flowering so

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and the fruit has a wide bearing some

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flavor if you of you know if you were a

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trials trust a pepper plant you could

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get more heat from the pepper food

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versus if you were to over water and

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probably pretty plain boring so there's

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lots of little considerations and

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factors that go strong successful

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spacers

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cool so obviously all of this research

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is for a specific purpose and now I

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think you can kind of speak to this a

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some more is what's what's the path

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forward not only kind of from where we

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are today what what are we doing for the

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future but also why is this so important

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looking at things like living on the

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Moon or Mars or beyond well you know we

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near-space once we start talking about

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getting away from low-earth orbit going

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to munitions of them and Mars and

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staying there for extended periods of

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time now we have to worry about several

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things first of all the distance they

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get to these places especially Mars

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takes a lot of time so what's the

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relative effectiveness of the nutrition

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in the prepackaged meals when I start

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talking about missions three plus years

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they start to degrade certain key

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nutrients the ones that we're targeting

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to try to supplement start to degrade

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over that period of time you also have

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the logistical resupply mass so not the

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crews are not going to have benefit of

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constant resupply from Earth they're

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gonna have to bring with them either

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what they can take in their vehicle or

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things are gonna have to be pre position

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but fresh food they're not going to have

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access to any more with resupply so it's

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going to be up to the folks on the

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spacecraft themselves to be able to grow

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supplemental aspects of nutrition for

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their diet and that adds not

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the nutrients it also adds variety to

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the food that they have in addition to

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that it gives them something to do to

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give them something that's reminiscent

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of home so there's a psychosocial

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benefit so there's it's definitely

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giving me a component of the diet when

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you look at how expiration has evolved

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on the earth ever since you know the

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first explorers came to the new world

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and beyond they brought plants from all

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with them they brought things they were

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familiar with so it's part of our

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culture and the human nature to be able

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so thinking about that have we seen kind

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of a psychological impact in the

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research we've done on station because

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obviously you talk about all these

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things that make it different than Space

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Station we have the the far destinations

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we're going to arena to transport things

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with you so how do we have that tangible

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result of how it's benefiting them today

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on station so a few months ago they got

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the first real quantitative data on that

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so I don't want to jump out make any

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statements on that right now but in

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general with our acts interviews that

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crew they think enjoy them growing

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plants in space so if nothing else it's

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enjoyable yeah hey that's important hey

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I want to have Ralph if you could kind

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of speak to we have some images here

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some very futuristic looking things

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number one what are we looking at here

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and how does this apply to just the idea

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of plant growth beyond our world you

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know so I think what you're seeing are

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just some of the early concepts and

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there's a lot of different concepts out

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and so there's a lot of different either

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academia or commercial interests looking

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at studying what are the best types of

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habitats to design and ultimately if

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we're talking about eventually growing

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plants as a supplemental source of food

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or as a caloric replacement to

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prepackaged food system we're going to

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need volume to be able to do that

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space to spread out and so when I start

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talking about deploying systems like

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that long term on the Moon and Mars it's

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going to be something that's going to be

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an evolution of the first missions to

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the moon likely we'll use the moon over

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time to develop an analog system or a

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demonstration system of the concepts

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that we'll bring with us to Mars and so

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what you're seeing are a lot of

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different representations of how do I

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deploy and make these systems in a lot

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of cases that would be beneficial to use

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Institute resources so if I could take

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the material on the moon and manufacture

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our surface habitats out of that

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material

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that would be beneficial so

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you guys still hear me yep I've got you

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Ralph loud and clear okay just bear with

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me yeah so so basically that's what

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you're seeing your different concepts

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the one that was populated a lot of

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used at the University of Arizona to

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show a confined space for growing plants

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we're actually looking at Kennedy Space

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Center to acquiring one of those systems

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that we can do further research in a

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more spread-out

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area to test different hardware systems

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a lot of our focus right now is based on

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the plants themselves and we're looking

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at seeing what are the best hardware

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systems to grow these plants in long

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term

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so we're bad at I'm for today but wanted

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to ask you both if you have you ever

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envisioned yourself working on plant

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growth for space obviously when it comes

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to plant growth in scientific research

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there's lots of opportunity on earth but

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did you ever think you'd be doing this

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for space I didn't know this was a thing

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you know just kind of fell into this

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it's actually really exciting some of

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the most exciting work I've done cool

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good well Ralph Matt appreciate you both

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and I look forward to seeing all kinds

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of green and colorful things growing in

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a healthy way on space station sooner

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than later and even further than that

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thank you thank you all right a big

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things to those guys always fun to talk

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with it's amazing how frequently we talk

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with people and plant growth is one of

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the big highlights for them when it

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comes to visiting the Kennedy Space

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Center despite everything else that's

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going on people love that and we we're

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glad they love that we're glad that they

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see the value in that so before we go I

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want to give a couple kind of quick

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quick plug here obviously the NASA at

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home team is a lot more than just the

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spaceport series there's a ton at

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nasa.gov slash NASA at home this is the

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main page there and want to specifically

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plug a podcast which is one of the

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things on here the rocket range podcast

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released an episode this week actually

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featuring NFL quarterback Josh Dobbs

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who's also a Tennessee volunteer who is

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an aerospace engineer with a 4.0

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it is incredibly uncommon to find a guy

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who could do both of those things check

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out the podcast lots of fun lots of hard

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work and dedication that went into that

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but that is gonna do it for me here from

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the Kennedy Space Center sort of I'm